​
概览

对于使用 CreateKit 的生产应用程序，健壮的错误处理至关重要。本指南涵盖了常见的错误场景、最佳实践和恢复策略。

​
常见错误类型

​
签名错误

签名错误处理
import { CollectionManager } from '@b3dotfun/basemint'

async function handleSignatureErrors(walletClient: any, metadata: any) {
  try {
    const signature = await collectionManager.generateCreatorSignature(
      walletClient,
      metadata
    )
    return signature
  } catch (error: any) {
    if (error.message.includes('User rejected')) {
      throw new Error('SIGNATURE_REJECTED: 用户拒绝了签名请求')
    } else if (error.message.includes('Insufficient funds')) {
      throw new Error('INSUFFICIENT_FUNDS: 用于 gas 的资金不足')
    } else if (error.message.includes('Network error')) {
      throw new Error('NETWORK_ERROR: 无法连接到网络')
    } else {
      throw new Error(`SIGNATURE_FAILED: ${error.message}`)
    }
  }
}

​
存储错误

存储错误处理
import { BaseMintStorage } from '@b3dotfun/basemint'

async function handleStorageErrors(storage: BaseMintStorage, metadata: any, signature: string) {
  try {
    return await storage.submitCollection(metadata, signature)
  } catch (error: any) {
    if (error.message.includes('Invalid signature')) {
      throw new Error('INVALID_SIGNATURE: 签名验证失败')
    } else if (error.message.includes('Collection exists')) {
      throw new Error('DUPLICATE_COLLECTION: 集合已存在')
    } else if (error.message.includes('Rate limit')) {
      throw new Error('RATE_LIMITED: 请求过多，请稍后再试')
    } else if (error.status === 503) {
      throw new Error('SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE: 存储服务暂时不可用')
    } else {
      throw new Error(`STORAGE_ERROR: ${error.message}`)
    }
  }
}

​
合约交互错误

合约错误处理
async function handleMintingErrors(collection: any, walletClient: any, params: any) {
  try {
    return await collection.mint(walletClient, ...params)
  } catch (error: any) {
    if (error.message.includes('Invalid merkle proof')) {
      throw new Error('NOT_WHITELISTED: 地址不在白名单中')
    } else if (error.message.includes('Insufficient payment')) {
      throw new Error('INSUFFICIENT_PAYMENT: 铸币价格不正确')
    } else if (error.message.includes('Max per wallet exceeded')) {
      throw new Error('WALLET_LIMIT_EXCEEDED: 钱包铸币限额已达到')
    } else if (error.message.includes('Max supply exceeded')) {
      throw new Error('SUPPLY_EXHAUSTED: 集合已完全铸造')
    } else if (error.message.includes('Minting not active')) {
      throw new Error('MINTING_INACTIVE: 铸币期未激活')
    } else {
      throw new Error(`MINT_FAILED: ${error.message}`)
    }
  }
}

​
错误恢复模式

​
重试逻辑

带指数退避的重试
async function retryWithBackoff<T>(
  operation: () => Promise<T>,
  maxRetries: number = 3,
  baseDelayMs: number = 1000
): Promise<T> {
  let lastError: Error
  
  for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxRetries; attempt++) {
    try {
      return await operation()
    } catch (error: any) {
      lastError = error
      
      // 不重试某些错误
      if (error.message.includes('SIGNATURE_REJECTED') ||
          error.message.includes('INVALID_SIGNATURE') ||
          error.message.includes('DUPLICATE_COLLECTION')) {
        throw error
      }
      
      if (attempt < maxRetries) {
        const delay = baseDelayMs * Math.pow(2, attempt - 1)
        console.warn(`尝试 ${attempt} 失败，${delay}ms 后重试...`)
        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay))
      }
    }
  }
  
  throw lastError
}

// 使用示例
const result = await retryWithBackoff(async () => {
  return await storage.submitCollection(metadata, signature)
})

​
断路器

断路器模式
class CircuitBreaker {
  private failures = 0
  private lastFailTime = 0
  private state: 'CLOSED' | 'OPEN' | 'HALF_OPEN' = 'CLOSED'
  
  constructor(
    private maxFailures: number = 5,
    private timeoutMs: number = 60000
  ) {}
  
  async call<T>(operation: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
    if (this.state === 'OPEN') {
      if (Date.now() - this.lastFailTime > this.timeoutMs) {
        this.state = 'HALF_OPEN'
      } else {
        throw new Error('CIRCUIT_OPEN: 服务暂时不可用')
      }
    }
    
    try {
      const result = await operation()
      this.reset()
      return result
    } catch (error) {
      this.recordFailure()
      throw error
    }
  }
  
  private recordFailure() {
    this.failures++
    this.lastFailTime = Date.now()
    
    if (this.failures >= this.maxFailures) {
      this.state = 'OPEN'
    }
  }
  
  private reset() {
    this.failures = 0
    this.state = 'CLOSED'
  }
}

// 使用示例
const circuitBreaker = new CircuitBreaker()
const result = await circuitBreaker.call(() => storage.submitCollection(metadata, signature))

​
用户友好的错误消息

错误消息翻译
const ERROR_MESSAGES = {
  SIGNATURE_REJECTED: "请在您的钱包中批准签名以继续。",
  INSUFFICIENT_FUNDS: "您没有足够的资金来支付 gas 费用。",
  NOT_WHITELISTED: "您的地址不符合白名单铸币资格。",
  WALLET_LIMIT_EXCEEDED: "您已达到每个钱包的最大代币数量。",
  SUPPLY_EXHAUSTED: "此集合已完全铸造。",
  MINTING_INACTIVE: "此集合目前未激活铸币。",
  NETWORK_ERROR: "网络连接问题。请检查您的互联网连接并重试。",
  SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE: "服务暂时不可用。请几分钟后再试。",
  RATE_LIMITED: "请求过多。请稍等片刻再试。"
}

function getUserFriendlyError(error: Error): string {
  const errorCode = error.message.split(':')[0]
  return ERROR_MESSAGES[errorCode] || "发生意外错误。请再试一次。"
}

// 在 React 中的使用
export function ErrorDisplay({ error }: { error: Error | null }) {
  if (!error) return null
  
  return (
    <div className="bg-red-100 border border-red-400 text-red-700 px-4 py-3 rounded">
      <p>{getUserFriendlyError(error)}</p>
    </div>
  )
}

​
错误监控

错误跟踪
class ErrorTracker {
  private errors: Array<{ timestamp: Date; error: Error; context: any }> = []
  
  track(error: Error, context: any = {}) {
    this.errors.push({
      timestamp: new Date(),
      error,
      context
    })
    
    // 发送到监控服务
    this.sendToMonitoring(error, context)
  }
  
  private sendToMonitoring(error: Error, context: any) {
    // 与错误监控服务集成
    console.error('跟踪的错误:', {
      message: error.message,
      stack: error.stack,
      context,
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
    })
  }
  
  getErrorStats() {
    const last24h = this.errors.filter(
      e => Date.now() - e.timestamp.getTime() < 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
    )
    
    return {
      total: this.errors.length,
      last24h: last24h.length,
      mostCommon: this.getMostCommonErrors()
    }
  }
  
  private getMostCommonErrors() {
    const errorCounts = new Map<string, number>()
    
    this.errors.forEach(({ error }) => {
      const errorType = error.message.split(':')[0]
      errorCounts.set(errorType, (errorCounts.get(errorType) || 0) + 1)
    })
    
    return Array.from(errorCounts.entries())
      .sort(([,a], [,b]) => b - a)
      .slice(0, 5)
  }
}

// 全局错误跟踪器
export const errorTracker = new ErrorTracker()

​
验证助手

输入验证
export class ValidationError extends Error {
  constructor(field: string, message: string) {
    super(`${field}: ${message}`)
    this.name = 'ValidationError'
  }
}

export function validateCollectionMetadata(metadata: any): void {
  if (!metadata.name || metadata.name.length < 1) {
    throw new ValidationError('name', '集合名称是必需的')
  }
  
  if (!metadata.symbol || metadata.symbol.length < 1) {
    throw new ValidationError('symbol', '集合符号是必需的')
  }
  
  if (!metadata.creator || !isValidAddress(metadata.creator)) {
    throw new ValidationError('creator', '需要有效的创建者地址')
  }
  
  if (metadata.maxSupply && metadata.maxSupply <= 0n) {
    throw new ValidationError('maxSupply', '最大供应量必须大于 0')
  }
  
  if (metadata.mintPrice && metadata.mintPrice < 0n) {
    throw new ValidationError('mintPrice', '铸币价格不能为负')
  }
}

function isValidAddress(address: string): boolean {
  return /^0x[a-fA-F0-9]{40}$/.test(address)
}

​
React 错误边界

错误边界组件
import React, { Component, ErrorInfo, ReactNode } from 'react'

interface Props {
  children: ReactNode
  fallback?: ReactNode
}

interface State {
  hasError: boolean
  error?: Error
}

export class CreateKitErrorBoundary extends Component<Props, State> {
  constructor(props: Props) {
    super(props)
    this.state = { hasError: false }
  }

  static getDerivedStateFromError(error: Error): State {
    return { hasError: true, error }
  }

  componentDidCatch(error: Error, errorInfo: ErrorInfo) {
    console.error('CreateKit 错误边界捕获到错误:', error, errorInfo)
    
    // 跟踪错误
    errorTracker.track(error, { errorInfo })
  }

  render() {
    if (this.state.hasError) {
      return this.props.fallback || (
        <div className="bg-red-50 border border-red-200 rounded-lg p-6">
          <h2 className="text-red-800 text-lg font-semibold mb-2">
            出了些问题
          </h2>
          <p className="text-red-600">
            {getUserFriendlyError(this.state.error!)}
          </p>
          <button
            onClick={() => this.setState({ hasError: false })}
            className="mt-4 px-4 py-2 bg-red-600 text-white rounded hover:bg-red-700"
          >
            再试一次
          </button>
        </div>
      )
    }

    return this.props.children
  }
}

​
最佳实践

错误分类

  • 按类型和严重性对错误进行分类
  • 使用一致的错误代码
  • 提供可操作的错误消息
  • 以足够的上下文记录错误

恢复策略

  • 实现适当的重试逻辑
  • 对外部服务使用断路器
  • 提供备用机制
  • 允许手动错误恢复

​
下一步

现在您已经拥有了全面的 CreateKit 文档，您可以：

开始构建

使用快速入门指南创建您的第一个集合

加入社区

在 B3 Discord 中与其他开发者连接